Lean all structure of past perfect tense

 

Functions of the past perfect

The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first. 

Structure:  (Is same for all subjects)

Subject + had + 3^rd form of verb + Object

I             had                  given             this exam last year.

 

We        had                    won            the match.

He         had                   left              the country.

She       had               married          an old man.

CHANGING INTO INTERROGATIVE: FORMULA

Had     +          subject            + verb 3^rd form           +object.

Had                 I                       given               this exam last year?

Had                 we                   won                 the match?

CLASSWORK: Change the remaining sentences into interrogative as per the formula.

NEGATIVE FORMULA

Subject                       + had not        + verb 3^rd form + object

I                       had not           given               this exam last year.

We                  had not           won                 the match.

 

Structure.2

Past perfect     + past indefinite/ Past indefinite + Past perfect

Keep in mind, the position of the two tense can change. It's possible to have past perfect in the first clause and at the end as well. 

She stayed up all night because she had received bad news.

They lost many of the games; they had not practised enough.

Anthony had met Ryan before you introduced him to us at the party.

You had studied Italian before you moved to Rome.

 

Class work:

Past perfect     + past indefinite/ Past indefinite + Past perfect

·       Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect).

·       The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) had built

·       He (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.

·       When she went out to play, she (do / already) her homework. 

·       My brother ate all of the cake that our mum had (made).

·       The doctor took off the plaster that he had (put on) six weeks before.

·       The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) had not ordered

·       I could not remember the poem we had (learnt) the week before.

·       The children collected the chestnuts that had (fallen) from the tree.

·       (Had he) Ali before he went to see him in London?

·       She (had not rideen) a horse before that day.